AS 2862.1:2021 pdf Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates — Sampling

AS 2862.1:2021 pdf Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates — Sampling
1  Scope
This document sets out the basic methods for sampling copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates from moving streams and stationary lots, including stopped-belt sampling, to provide samples for chemical analysis, physical testing and determination of moisture content, in accordance with the relevant International Standards. Where the concentrates are susceptible to significant oxidation or decomposition, a common sample that is sufficiently representative, i.e. unbiased and sufficiently precise, is used for moisture determination and chemical analysis to eliminate bias (see ISO 10251). Any large agglomerates (>10 mm) present in the primary sample are crushed prior to further sample processing. Sampling of concentrates in slurry form is specifically excluded from this document. Stopped-belt sampling is the reference method for collecting concentrate samples against which mechanical and manual-sampling procedures can be compared. Sampling from moving streams is the preferred method. Both falling-stream and cross-belt samplers are described. Sampling from stationary lots is used only where sampling from moving streams is not possible. The procedures described in this document for sampling from stationary lots only minimize some of the systematic sampling errors.
2  Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10251, Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates — Determination of mass loss of bulk material on drying
ISO 12744, Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates — Experimental methods for checking the
precision of sampling
ISO 13292, Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates — Experimental methods for checking the
bias of sampling
3  Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 representative sample
quantity of concentrate representing a larger mass of concentrate with both precision (3.29) and bias (3.28) within acceptable limits
3.2 lot
quantity of concentrate to be sampled
3.3 lot sample
quantity of concentrate representative of the lot (3.2)
3.4 sub-lot
subdivided parts of a lot (3.2) which are processed separately, each of them producing a subsample (3.5) which is analysed separately, for example for moisture determination
3.5 subsample
quantity of concentrate representative of the sub-lot (3.4)
3.6 sampling
sequence of operations aimed at obtaining a sample representative of a lot (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: It comprises a series of sampling stages, each stage usually comprising operations of selection and preparation.
3.7 selection
operation by which a smaller quantity of concentrate is taken from a larger quantity of concentrate
3.8 increment
quantity of concentrate selected by a sampling device in one operation
3.9 division
operation of decreasing sample mass, without change of particle size, where a representative part of
the sample is retained
3.10 constant-mass division
method of division (3.9) in which the retained portions from individual increments (3.8) or subsamples (3.5) are of uniform mass
3.11
proportional division
method of division (3.9) in which the retained portions from individual increments (3.8) or subsamples
(3.5) are a constant proportion of their original mass
3.12 preparation
nonselective operation without division (3.9) such as sample transfer, drying, comminution or
homogenization
3.13 sample processing
whole sequence of selection and preparation operations which transforms a stage i sample (3.15) into a test sample (3.19)
3.14 comminution
operation of reducing particle size by crushing, grinding or pulverisation