AS ISO 14397.1:2021 pdf Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14397 specifies the means for determining the rated operating capacity of wheeled or crawler loaders or of the loader portion of backhoe loaders, having buckets and material handling forks, as defined in ISO 6165. It gives standard methods for the calculation and test verification of the tipping load (mass). It is applicable only to the use of buckets and forks on loaders. NOTE Certain attachments can exceed the normal operating capacity and will require restricted machine operating conditions, such as reduced machine speed or limited lifting height. Refer to the attachment manufacturer’s instructions for the intended use of the attachment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6016:1998, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components
ISO 6165:2006, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions
ISO 6746‑1:2003, Earth-moving machinery — Definitions of dimensions and codes — Part 1: Base machine
ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery — Loader and front loading excavator buckets —
Volumetric ratings
ISO 9248:1992, Earth-moving machinery — Units for dimensions, performance and capacities, and their measurement accuracies
ISO 14397‑2, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 2: Test method for
measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6165 and ISO 6746‑1, and the following, apply.
3.1 rated operating capacity
calculated value, in kilograms, representing normal loading under typical operating conditions
3.2 tipping load at maximum
reach m tip minimum mass, in kilograms, that, when placed in the loader bucket or on forks at maximum moment arm position, will cause the loader to achieve the tipping limit condition in its least stable configuration, with the loader placed on a hard, level surface and the resultant force acting vertically through the centroid of the rated bucket volume as specified in ISO 7546 or the fork load centre as specified in 5.2.6 and shown in Figure 1
3.3 lift capacity to maximum height
mass, in kilograms, which can be lifted from the ground to maximum height using the lift cylinder or cylinders at hydraulic circuit working pressure, with the bucket positioned to hold the maximum load or the forks positioned horizontally, and with the resultant force acting vertically through the centroid of the rated bucket volume as specified in ISO 7546 or the fork load centre as specified in 5.2.6 and shown in Figure 1 Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 14397‑2.
3.4 maximum moment arm
maximum horizontal distance from the load centre of gravity to the tipping line when the bucket is
positioned to hold the maximum load or the forks are positioned horizontally
See Figures 2 to 8.
3.5 tipping limit condition
〈wheeled loaders〉 condition in which at least one of the wheels farthest from the tipping line no longer touches the ground
3.6 tipping limit condition
〈crawlers with rigid frame suspension〉 condition when the front track rollers no longer touch the track
Note 1 to entry: For other types of suspension, the tipping limit condition is as specified by the manufacturer.
3.7 tipping line
line about which the loader tips
See Figures 2 to 8.
3.8 operating mass
mass of the base machine with equipment and empty attachment as specified by the manufacturer, and with the operator (75 kg), full fuel tank and all fluid systems at the levels specified by the manufacturer
3.9 hydraulic circuit working pressure
pressure applied to the specific hydraulic lifting circuit by the hydraulic pump or pumps
AS ISO 14397.1:2021 pdf Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders
